La pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) provocó en América Latina y el Caribe la mayor crisis económica y social de los últimos 120 años, agudizando las brechas estructurales de desigualdad, pobreza, informalidad, bajo crecimiento y menor productividad. Frente a ello, la idea de gravar el patrimonio de las personas físicas que más riqueza concentran, toma fuerza en Latinoamérica y en el mundo. La Internacional de Servicios Públicos (ISP) y el Centro de Economía Política Argentina (CEPA) investigan la posibilidad de implementar un impuesto a la riqueza en Colombia y Brasil, en la búsqueda de mayor justicia fiscal y distributiva y con el apoyo de FES Argentina realizaron una investigación durante 2021 que relevó las principales propuestas de reforma tributaria progresiva de carácter internacional.
El objetivo de este estudio fue producir evidencia respecto de los impactos y resultados económicos generados por la aprobación de legislaciones nacionales orientadas a gravar impositivamente a las grandes fortunas en América Latina, su contribución al desarrollo de sistemas más progresivos y su viabilidad para el impulso de futuras normativas en el mismo sentido. En la primera sección se exponen los sistemas tributarios de los países seleccionados. En la segunda parte se realiza un análisis comparativo de las experiencias de Argentina y Bolivia en la implementación de los impuestos a las grandes fortunas. En una tercera sección se examina la posibilidad de aplicar un impuesto similar en Colombia y en Brasil, según las potencialidades y las restricciones de sus sistemas tributarios. Por último, se desarrollan las conclusiones.
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